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This article is well-nigh the term used in science fiction, video games, anime, and manga. For other uses, meet Mecha (disambiguation).

Scientific ideas of robot controlled by human strength

Not to exist confused with Mecca.

Mecha
A mecha made by Mugen Motorsports at the Osaka Auto Messe (2019)

The term mecha (Japanese: メカ, Hepburn: meka ) may refer to both scientific ideas and science-fiction genres that center on giant robots or machines (mechs) controlled by people. Mechas are typically depicted as humanoid walking vehicles. The term was outset used in Japanese: 'mecha', afterwards shortening the English loanword 'mechanism' ( メカニズム , mekanizumu ) or 'mechanical' ( メカニカル , mekanikaru ), just the pregnant in Japanese is more than inclusive, and 'robot' ( ロボット , robotto ) or 'giant robot' is the narrower term.

These machines vary profoundly in size and shape, merely are distinguished from vehicles by their humanoid or biomorphic appearance and size—bigger than a human. Unlike subgenres exist, with varying connotations of realism. The concept of Super Robot and Real Robot are two such examples institute in Japanese anime and manga. The term may also refer to real earth piloted humanoid or non-humanoid robotic platforms, either currently in existence or nevertheless on the drawing lath (i.e. at the planning or design stage). Alternatively, in the original Japanese context of the discussion, "mecha" may refer to mobile machinery/vehicles (including aircraft) in full general, manned or otherwise.

Characteristics [edit]

'Mecha' is an abbreviation, first used in Japanese, of 'mechanical'. In Japanese, mecha encompasses all mechanical objects, including cars, guns, computers, and other devices, and 'robot' or 'giant robot' is used to distinguish limbed vehicles from other mechanical devices.^{[ citation needed ]} Exterior of this usage, it has become associated with large humanoid machines with limbs or other biological characteristics. Mechas differ from robots in that they are piloted from a cockpit, typically located in the chest or head of the mech.^[ane]

While the stardom is oftentimes hazy, mecha typically does non refer to class-fitting powered armor such as Fe Man's suit. They are unremarkably much larger than the wearer, like Iron Human'due south enemy the Fe Monger, or the mobile suits depicted in the Gundam franchise.

In well-nigh cases, mecha are depicted equally fighting machines, whose entreatment comes from the combination of strong weaponry with a more than fashionable combat technique than a mere vehicle. Ofttimes, they are the primary means of combat, with conflicts sometimes being decided through gladiatorial matches. Other works represent mecha as one component of an integrated armed services forcefulness, supported by and fighting alongside tanks, fighter aircraft, and infantry, functioning as a mechanical cavalry. The applications often highlight the theoretical usefulness of such a device, combining a tank's resilience and firepower with infantry'due south power to cross unstable terrain and a loftier caste of customization. In some continuities, special scenarios are constructed to make mecha more viable than current-24-hour interval status. For example, in Gundam the fictional Minovsky particle inhibits the apply of radar, making long-range ballistic strikes impractical, thus favouring relatively close-range warfare of Mobile Suits.^{[ citation needed ]}

All the same, some stories, such equally the manga/anime franchise Patlabor and the American wargame BattleTech universe, as well comprehend mecha used for noncombatant purposes, such as heavy construction work, police functions, or firefighting. Mecha also have roles equally transporters, recreation, advanced hazmat suits, and other research and development applications.

Mecha have been used in fantasy settings, for example in the anime series Aura Battler Dunbine, The Vision of Escaflowne, Panzer Earth Galient, and Maze. In those cases, the mecha designs are normally based on some alternative or "lost" science-fiction technology from ancient times. In instance of anime series Zoids, the machines resemble dinosaurs and animals, and have been shown to evolve from native metallic organisms.^{[ citation needed ]}

A chicken walker is a fictional type of bipedal robot or mecha, distinguished past its rear-facing knee joint. This type of articulation resembles a bird'due south legs, hence the proper name.^[2] Withal, birds actually take forward-facing knees; they are digitigrade, and what most call the "human knee" is actually the talocrural joint.^[3]

Early history [edit]

The 1868 Edward S. Ellis novel The Steam Human being of the Prairies featured a steam-powered, dorsum-piloted, mechanical man. The 1880 Jules Verne novel The Steam Firm (La Maison à Vapeur) featured a steam-powered, piloted, mechanical elephant. One of the first appearances of such machines in modern literature was the tripod (or "fighting-machine", as they are known in the novel) of H. G. Wells' famous The War of the Worlds (1897). The novel does not contain a fully detailed description of the tripods' mode of locomotion, just it is hinted at: "Can you imagine a milking stool tilted and bowled violently along the ground? That was the impression those instant flashes gave. Only instead of a milking stool, imagine it a dandy body of machinery on a tripod stand."

Ōgon Bat, a kamishibai that debuted in 1931 (later adapted into an anime in 1967), featured the start piloted humanoid giant robot, Dai Ningen Tanku ( 大人間タンク ),^[iv] but as an enemy rather than a protagonist. In 1934, Gajo Sakamoto launched Tank Tankuro ( タンクタンクロー ) on a metal creature that becomes a battle machine.^[5]

The first humanoid behemothic robot piloted by the protagonist appeared in the manga Atomic Power Android ( 原子力人造人間 , Genshi Ryoku Jinzō Ningen ) in 1948.^[six] The manga and anime Tetsujin 28-Go, introduced in 1956, featured a robot, Tetsujin, that was controlled externally past an operator past remote control. The manga and anime Astro Boy, introduced in 1952, with its humanoid robot protagonist, was a central influence on the development of the giant robot genre in Japan. The get-go anime featuring a giant mecha being piloted by the protagonist from within a cockpit was the Super Robot bear witness Mazinger Z, written past Become Nagai and introduced in 1972.^[7] Mazinger Z introduced the notion of mecha as pilotable war machines, rather than remote-controlled robots. Nagai later introduced the concept of 'combination' ( gattai ( 合体 )), where several units slot together to form a super robot, with Getter Robo (1974 debut).^[8]

An early use of mech-similar machines outside Japan is found in "The Invisible Empire", a Federal Men'southward story arc by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster (serialized 1936 in New Comics #eight–ten).^[9] Other examples include the Mexican comic Invictus Leonel Guillermo Prieto e Victaleno León, by Brazilian comic Audaz, o demolidor, past Álvaro "Aruom" Moura and Messias de Mello (1938–1949), inspired by Invictus, created for the supplement A Gazetinha from the newspaper A Gazeta,^[10] Kimball Kinnison's battle accommodate in Due east. E. "Doc" Smith's Lensman novel Galactic Patrol (1950),^[eleven] the French blithe film The Male monarch and the Mockingbird (beginning released 1952),^[12] and Robert Heinlein'southward waldo in his 1942 brusk story, "Waldo" and the Mobile Infantry battle suits in Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers (1958).^[11]

A transforming mech can transform between a standard vehicle (such as a fighter aeroplane or transport truck) and a fighting mecha robot. This concept of transforming mecha was pioneered past Japanese mecha designer Shōji Kawamori in the early 1980s, when he created the Diaclone toy line in 1980 and then the Macross anime franchise in 1982. In North America, the Macross franchise was adapted into the Robotech franchise in 1985, and and so the Diaclone toy line was adapted into the Transformers franchise in 1986. Some of Kawamori'southward most iconic transforming mecha designs include the VF-one Valkyrie from the Macross and Robotech franchises, and Optimus Prime (chosen Convoy in Nippon) from the Transformers and Diaclone franchises.^{[13] [14]}

Genres [edit]

Anime and manga [edit]

In Japan, "robot anime" (known as "mecha anime" outside Japan) is ane of the oldest genres in anime.^[15] Robot anime is oft tied in with toy manufacturers. Large franchises such every bit Gundam, Macross, Transformers, and Zoids have hundreds of different model kits.

The size of mecha can vary according to the story and concepts involved. Some of them may not be considerably taller than a tank (Armored Trooper Votoms, Megazone 23, Code Geass), some may exist a few stories tall (Gundam, Escaflowne, Bismark, Gurren Lagann), others can exist as alpine as a skyscraper (Space Runaway Ideon, Genesis of Aquarion, Neon Genesis Evangelion), some are large enough to contain an unabridged city (Macross), some the size of a planet (Diebuster), galaxies (Getter Robo, Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann), or even as large equally universes (Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann: Lagann-hen, Demonbane, Transformers: Alternity).

The showtime giant robots seen were in the 1948 manga Atomic Ability Android ( 原子力人造人間 , Genshiryoku Jinzō Ningen ) ^[6] and Mitsuteru Yokoyama's 1956 manga Tetsujin 28-go. However, information technology wasn't until the advent of Go Nagai'southward Mazinger Z that the genre was established. Mazinger Z innovated past adding the inclusion of futuristic weapons, and the concept of existence able to pilot from a cockpit^[7] (rather than via remote control, in the example of Tetsujin). According to Become Nagai:

I wanted to create something different, and I thought it would be interesting to have a robot that you lot could drive, similar a auto. ^[7]

Mazinger Z featured behemothic robots that were "piloted by means of a small flying machine and command center that docked within the head."^[7] It was also a pioneer in dice-cast metallic toys such every bit the Chogokin series in Japan and the Shogun Warriors in the U.South., that were (and all the same are) very popular with children and collectors.

Robot/mecha anime and manga differ vastly in storytelling and animation quality from title to championship, and content ranges from children'due south shows to ones intended for an older teen or adult audience.

Some of the kickoff mecha featured in manga and anime were super robots. The super robot genre features superhero-like giant robots that are frequently one-of-a-kind and the product of an ancient civilization, aliens or a mad genius. These robots are ordinarily piloted by Japanese teenagers via phonation control or neural uplink, and are oftentimes powered by mystical or exotic free energy sources.^[16]

The afterward existent robot genre features robots that do not take mythical superpowers, but rather utilise largely conventional, albeit futuristic weapons and ability sources, and are oft mass-produced on a large calibration for use in wars.^[xvi] The real robot genre besides tends to feature more complex characters with moral conflicts and personal issues.^[17] The genre is therefore aimed primarily at immature adults instead of children.^[xviii] Mobile Suit Gundam (1979) is largely considered the offset serial to introduce the real robot concept and, along with The Super Dimension Fortress Macross (1982), would course the footing of what people would later call real robot anime.^[xix]

Some robot mecha are capable of transformation (Macross and Zeta Gundam) or combining to form fifty-fifty bigger ones (Beast King GoLion and Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann), the latter called 'combination'. Go Nagai is oftentimes credited with inventing this in 1974 with Getter Robo.

Not all mecha need to be completely mechanical. Some have biological components with which to interface with their pilots, and some are partially biological themselves, such every bit in Neon Genesis Evangelion, Eureka 7, and Zoids. Assail on Titan creator Hajime Isayama draws item inspiration from the mecha visual novel Muv-Luv with its apply of "pilots" controlling larger humanoid apparatus.^[twenty]

Mecha based on anime have seen extreme cultural reception across the world. The personification of this popularity can be seen as i:i-sized Mazinger Z, Tetsujin, and Gundam statues built across the world.

Movie [edit]

• In the Godzilla franchise the monster Mechagodzilla created by Toho is an Alien Monster that first appeared in the 1974 film Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla and re-appeared in Godzilla vs. Kong.
• The Star Wars multimedia franchise features several walker types, such equally the world-famous AT-AT and AT-ST.
• The picture show Robot Jox is based around gladiatorial combat between giant mecha.
• In the 1986 film Aliens, Ripley uses a Caterpillar P-5000 Work Loader to fight the alien Queen.
• Sentinel 2099, a 1995 film, features a 40 foot tall walking tank called a Scout unit. They are used to combat an alien race known as the Zisk.
• In the 1999 moving picture Wild Wild West, Dr. Loveless attempts to utilize an viii story alpine, steam-powered, walking spider to conquer a postal service-Civil War Us.
• In the 2001 moving-picture show AI: Bogus Intelligence past Steven Spielberg, the term mecha refers to an advanced humanoid robot species featured in the flick.
• In The Matrix Revolutions, Captain Mifune leads the human being defense force of Zion, piloting open-cockpit mecha called APUs, against invading Sentinels.
• In James Cameron's 2009 film Avatar, mecha chosen Amplified Mobility Platforms (AMPs) are used equally instruments of war.
• In Shane Acker's 2009 animated film nine, giant walking war machines called Steel Behemoths were created by the Fabrication Machine to destroy all life on Globe.
• A heavily weaponized powered exoskeleton that envelops the operator is featured in the 2009 pic Commune 9, and aptly named the Exo-suit.
• Guillermo del Toro'south 2013 movie Pacific Rim focuses on a war betwixt humans who pilot massive mechas known as Jaegers and Kaiju monsters that sally from the Pacific Ocean.
• In The Amazing Spider-Homo 2, the Rhino uses a one-person mecha suit that possesses super forcefulness and defense.
• In the movie Iron Man, the Iron Monger, a powered exoskeleton conform operated by Obadiah Stane, is some other instance of mecha.
• In the final scenes of The Lego Movie, the main protagonist Ant creates a giant construction mech made of yellow Lego pieces which he pilots to fight in the final battle confronting Lord Business' forces.
• In Avengers: Age of Ultron, Iron Man uses a mecha named the Hulkbuster to fight the Hulk.

Video games [edit]

Strike Suit Zero is a 2013 space gainsay video game featuring mecha designs by Junji Okubo.

Mecha selection bill of fare in the roguelike, GearHead RPG.

Mecha are often featured in computer and console video games. Because of their size and fictional power, mecha are quite popular subjects for games, both tabletop and electronic. They have been featured in video games since the 1980s, particularly in vehicular combat and shooter games, including Sesame Japan'due south side-scrolling shooter game Vastar in 1983,^[21] various Gundam games such as Mobile Suit Gundam: Last Shooting in 1984 and Z-Gundam: Hot Scramble in 1986,^[22] the run and gun shooters Hover Assail in 1984 and Thexder in 1985, and Arsys Software's 3D role-playing shooters WiBArm in 1986 and Star Cruiser in 1988. Historically mecha-based games have been more than popular in Japan than in other countries.^[23]

• Metal Gear series (1987 – 2018) by Hideo Kojima, includes mecha as part of its master premise. The series takes place during the modernistic twenty-four hours and near future, and the prototype nuclear-capable bipedal tanks chosen Metal Gears are a recurring chemical element.
• A pop classic of mecha in games is the MechWarrior serial (1989 – 2021) of video games, which takes place in the Battletech universe.
• Intelligent Systems-adult and Nintendo-published games that feature mecha include Boxing Clash (1992) and Metallic Combat: Falcon's Revenge (1993), a single-player mecha-themed shooter series with existent robot-style. All battles are fought with mechas chosen Standing Tanks (ST).
• Squaresoft-developed games that feature mecha include Front Mission (1995 – 2019), a turn-based tactical series of games with real robot-style mecha utilized by almost futurity military machine forces. Xenogears (1998) too used mecha, called Gears, as a main aspect of the story, and the serial continues the utilise of mecha with the Monolith Soft-developed Xenoblade Chronicles serial (2010 – ).
• Armored Core (1997 – 2013) is a fast-paced action mecha series developed by FromSoftware, set in the distant mail apocalyptic futures where mechas chosen "Armored Cadre" pilot by mercenaries are the ascendant forces on the battlefield. Armored Core games accept a wide pick in customizations with the get-go entry in the series Armored Core (video game) being equally one of the early few 3D mecha games that introduced extensive customizations to the mechas in-game.
• In StarCraft series (1998 – 2017), two of the fictional races (Terran and Protoss) extensively use walkers. In the first game of the serial, each faction had only one walker: Goliath (Terran) and Dragoon (Protoss). Equally of the latest release, in multiplayer games, Terrans have 4 dissimilar walkers (Viking, Thor, Hellbat, and Widow Mine,) while Protoss have iii (Colossus, Stalker, and Immortal.) On the whole at that place are xviii unlike Terran walkers and 21 Protoss walkers beyond the entire franchise.
• The Monolith Productions game Shogo: Mobile Armor Partitioning (1998) blended mecha gameplay with that of traditional first-person shooter games.^[24]
• Heavy Gear 2 (1999) offers a complex yet semi-realistic control organisation for its mecha in both terrain and outer space warfare.
• In Zone of the Enders (2001 – 2012) by Hideo Kojima, existent robots called LEVs be alongside a more super robot-like mecha type known every bit the Orbital Frame.
• In Battlefield 2142 (2006), mecha fight aslope conventional war machine units such equally infantry, tanks, gunships, and APCs in the European Wedlock's and Pan-Asian Coalition's military forces.
• In Supreme Commander (2007), all 3 factions utilize mechs, be they tanks, gunships, or true mechs. The player's Armored Command Unit is one such mech.
• The Command & Conquer: Tiberian series franchise (1995 – 2012) features many mechanized walker units. In the last video game of this series, Command & Conquer iv, walkers have gained such predominance that even command centers walk. (In the prior games, they were stationary buildings.) Titan, Wolverine, and Juggernaut are three of such units that have appeared in iv Control & Conquer titles.
• League of Legends (2009), adult past Riot Games, include mecha as part of champion skins, designed as super robots (Mecha Malphite, Mecha Kha Zix, Mecha Aatrox, Mecha Cypher Sion, etc.).
• Hawken (2012) is an online start person shooter in which pilots can cull from a diverseness of bipedal mechas, each having an intended specialization, to engage in gratuitous-for-all or team-based combat. Mechas accept special abilities related to their role that, when activated, augment their weapon cooling, damage, defense, accuracy, mobility, stealth, or other characteristic to provide a temporary advantage.
• War Thunder (2012) during an April Fools event, players were able to command Mecha tanks that consisted of multiple tank turrets and other parts after destroying a sure number of vehicles in a battle.
• In Titanfall (2014) and Titanfall 2 (2016) from Respawn Entertainment, mechas are heavily involved within gameplay and the story.^[25]
• In War Robots (2014) from Russian developer Pixonic, players only can command mechas to fight each other in a 6v6 battlefield.
• In Heroes of the Tempest (2015), developed by Blizzard Entertainment, players tin can accept control of the giant mecha, called "Triglav Protector", as a reward for winning objective on Volskaya Foundry battleground. The mecha is co-piloted by 2 different players, the start serving every bit a pilot, and the second serving equally a gunner. Each player is given command to a different set of unique abilities.^[26] In January 2018 and June 2019, Blizzard created ii "MechaStorm" events for Heroes of the Storm, featuring multiple mecha skins for a number of heroes, also as other items for the Collection.^{[27] [28]} A MechaStorm "anime video trailer" was also released, heavily inspired by serial such as Mobile Adjust Gundam, and Neon Genesis Evangelion.
• Overwatch (2016), team shooter from Blizzard Entertainment, includes D.Va, a tank hero who pilots a mecha. Stylized as MEKA (Mobile Exo-Forcefulness of the Korean Army), D.Va'southward mecha provides her main hero abilities too equally being a driver of her backstory in the game's lore.^[29] Wrecking Ball is a tank-class quadrupedal mecha robot driven by a genetically engineered hamster named Hammond. The mecha is armed with automated assault weapons known as the "quad cannons", and can be transformed into a high-speed "wrecking ball" equipped with a grappling hook.^[thirty]
• Kirby: Planet Robobot (2016) features extensive utilize of mecha suit known as the Robobot Armor to solve puzzles and fight enemies. Mecha resembling Kirby with the ability to copy enemy abilities (known as Modes).
• Fe Harvest (2020) features many mechs piloted past multiple factions. Information technology is set in the 1920+ alternating history universe Scythe, created by Jakub Różalski.

Tabletop games [edit]

• In the tabletop game Warhammer 40,000, the forces use mecha of a diversity of sizes and shapes.
• Older American Tabletop game Battletech uses hex-maps, miniatures & paper record sheets that allow players to use mecha in tactical situations and tape realistic harm, while add RPG elements when desired.

Books [edit]

• The Mecha Samurai Empire franchise by Peter Tieryas is almost a world where the Japanese Empire rules over the United States of Japan with a variety of different mechas. Many of the pilots are trained at the Berkeley Armed forces University and their main enemies are the Nazis and their monstrous biomechs.^[31]

Real mecha [edit]

In that location are a few real prototypes of mecha-like vehicles. Currently nearly all of these are highly specialized or just for concept purpose, and as such may not encounter mass production. About of these experimental projects were made and showtime presented in East Asia.

• In 2012, Suidobashi Heavy Industry unveiled their prototype of a driveable mecha, the Kuratas.^{[32] [33]}
• On December 2016, Korean company Hankook Mirae posted a video featuring a test run of their bi-pedal epitome mecha METHOD-01, designed past Vitaly Bulgarov.^[34]
• A machine called State Walker was developed by Sakakibara Kikai with the intention of giving the impression of a bipedal mecha.^{[35] [36]}
• In 2018, Japanese engineer Masaaki Nagumo from Sakakibara Kikai completed structure of a functional bipedal mecha inspired by the Gundam franchise. The device, standing 8.v meters tall and weighing near seven tonnes, possesses fully functional arm and leg servos.^[37]

In the Western globe, at that place are few examples of mecha, however, several machines have been constructed by both companies and private figures.

• In 2006, Timberjack, a subsidiary of John Deere, built a practical hexapod walking harvester.^[38]
• In 2015, Megabots Inc. completed the MKII "Iron Glory" before challenging Kuratas to a duel. In 2017 they completed the MKIII "Eagle Prime".
• In 2017, Canadian applied science company, Furrion Exo-Bionics,^[39] unveiled Prosthesis: The Anti-Robot,^[forty] invented by Jonathan Tippett, as the company's flagship prototype mech. It is a 3500 kg, 200 hp, electric powered, 4-legged, all-terrain walking mech intended for use in competitive sport. Information technology is controlled by the human pilot inside via a total-torso exo-skeletal interface. In 2020 it was awarded the Guinness Earth Record as "the world'south largest tetrapod exoskeleton".^[41]
• GE Beetle from 1961

See also [edit]

• BattleMech
• Kuratas
• Megabots Inc.
• Mobile robot
• Powered exoskeleton
• Robot Romance Trilogy
• Sentry gun
• Walking vehicle

References [edit]

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2. ^ Slavicsek, Bill (2000). A Guide to the Star Wars Universe: Third Edition . Del Rey and Lucas Books. pp. 14. ISBN0-345-42066-7.
3. ^ Kochan, Jack (1994). Feet & Legs. Stackpole Books. ISBN0-8117-2515-four.
4. ^ Dai Ningen Tanku ( 大人間タンク ) means Behemothic Ningen Tanku ( 人間タンク ) , Ningen Tanku ( 人間タンク ) is the Japanese championship of The Master Mystery(1919), and the Japanese name of the Powered exoskeleton appearing in the motion-picture show."人間タンク : 奇蹟の人". NDL Digital Collections. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29 . It was a general Japanese phrase meaning "humanoid tank" too.井上晴樹 (August 2007). 日本ロボット戦争記 1939~1945. ISBN9784757160149. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 2018-07-02 .
5. ^ "Preview: Tank Tankuro". The Comics Journal . Retrieved 2020-12-01 .
6. ^ ^{a b} "原子力人造人間". NDL Digital Collections. Archived from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-23 .
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Gilson, Mark (1998). "A Brief History of Japanese Robophilia". Leonardo. 31 (five): 367–369. doi:10.2307/1576597. JSTOR 1576597. S2CID 191411400.
8. ^ Clements, Jonathan (2017). Anime: A History. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 150–1. ISBN978-one-84457-884-9.
9. ^ Cynic, Steve (2019-06-27). Robots in American Popular Culture. McFarland. pp. 11–112. ISBN978-one-4766-3505-7.
10. ^ de Rosa, Franco (2019). Prado, Joe; Freitas da Costa, Ivan (eds.). Grande Almanaque dos Super-Heróis Brasileiros (in Portuguese). Brazil: Chiaroscuro Studios. pp. 16, 127.
11. ^ ^{a b} Sofge, Erik (2010-04-08). "A History of Iron Men: Meridian 5 Iconic Exoskeletons". Popular Mechanics . Retrieved 2020-12-01 .
12. ^ Le Roi et l'Oiseau de Paul Grimault (1980) – commentary
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17. ^ Tomino, Yoshiyuki (2012). Mobile Suit Gundam: Awakening, Escalation, Confrontation. Schodt, Frederik L., 1950– (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Rock Span Printing. p. 8. ISBN978-1611720051. OCLC 772711844.
18. ^ Denison, Rayna (2015). "Chapter v". Anime: a Critical Introduction. London. ISBN978-1472576767. OCLC 879600213.
19. ^ 10 commandments of Real robot, Gundam Sentinel introduction, Gundam workshop, Format ACG
20. ^ "【English language】âge 20th Anniversary Outcome "Still Breathing" Live Broadcast". youtube.com. Youtube.
21. ^ Vastar at the Killer List of Videogames
22. ^ Savorelli, Carlos (October half-dozen, 2017). "Kidō Senshi Z-Gundam: Hot Scramble". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on Nov 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
23. ^ "Iron Rain". Adjacent Generation. No. 17. Imagine Media. May 1996. p. 86.
24. ^ Sabbagh, Michel (December 17, 2015). "Effort Upon Try: Japanese Influences in Western First-Person Shooters" (PDF). Worcester Polytechnic Constitute. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 1, 2016. Retrieved Dec 29, 2015.
25. ^ Arts, Electronic (2017-03-22). "Titanfall 2". ea.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2017-07-20 .
26. ^ Lee, Sam (2017-09-xv). "Heroes of the Storm: Introducing Assault on Volskaya Foundry Battleground". Medium . Retrieved 2019-09-26 .
27. ^ Lee, Sam (2018-01-sixteen). "Heroes of the Storm: New MechaStorm Skins and Animation". Medium . Retrieved 2019-09-26 .
28. ^ Chen, Amy (2019-06-xix). "Heroes of the Storm: MechaStorm II now live with exciting new quest chain". Daily Esports . Retrieved 2019-09-26 .
29. ^ "D.Va - Heroes- Overwatch". Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved April i, 2019.
30. ^ Marshall, Cass (2018-06-28). "Overwatch's adjacent hero is a chubby hamster and I dearest it". Polygon . Retrieved 2019-x-22 .
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32. ^ "Atomic number 26 Behemothic: Up close with Kuratas, the $i.iv million, 4-ton mech robot".
33. ^ Hornyak, Tim. "Pilots wanted for behemothic mech robot Kuratas".
34. ^ Moon, Mariella (January i, 2017). "Watch Korea's mech accept its first steps with a airplane pilot on lath]". Retrieved November 26, 2020.
35. ^ "Sakakibara-Kikai website". Sakakibara-Kikai (in Japanese). Sakakibara Machinery Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on Dec 1, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
36. ^ kiyomasa (April 7, 2006). "Land WALKER -Japanese Robot suit-". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
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38. ^ beej69 (Oct 17, 2006). "Timberjack Walking Automobile". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved Nov fifteen, 2017.
39. ^ "Exo-Bionics | Human skill meets avant-garde technology". furrion-global.
40. ^ "Prosthesis – The Anti-Robot".
41. ^ "Largest tetrapod exoskeleton". Guinness Earth Records.

External links [edit]

• Mecha Anime HQ: Extensive coverage on Gundams and other mecha.
• Mecha Co.
• Japanese Animation Guide: The History of Robot Anime

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecha

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